If a person has persistent viral symptoms, they should seek medical consultation. They will also carry out a physical examination, including an inspection of the abdomen and chin, neck, groin, and armpits, where swellings may occur. The doctor will look for signs of infection near lymph nodes since this can account for most cases of swelling.
Blood tests and biopsies: These can detect the presence of lymphoma and help a doctor distinguish between different types. A biopsy involves a surgeon taking a sample of lymph tissue. The doctor will then send it for examination in a laboratory. The surgeon may remove a small section or all of a lymph node. In some cases, they might use a needle to take a tissue sample. It might be necessary to carry out a bone marrow biopsy. This may require a local anesthetic, a sedative, or a general anesthetic.
Biopsies and other tests can confirm the stage of the cancer to see whether it has spread to other parts of the body. A spinal tap: In this procedure, a surgeon uses a long, thin needle to remove and test spinal fluid under local anesthetic. Staging of the cancer depends on the type, growth rate, and cellular characteristics. In stage 0 or 1, the cancer stays in a confined area. By stage 4, it has spread to more distant organs, and doctors find it more challenging to treat.
A doctor may also describe lymphoma as indolent, meaning that it remains in one place. Some lymphomas are aggressive, which means they spread to other parts of the body. With Hodgkin lymphoma, The chances of a good outcome decrease as lymphoma progresses. It is essential to seek medical attention for any symptoms of cold or infection that continue for an extended period.
Leukemia and lymphoma are both types of blood cancer that affect white blood cells. Here, learn about the similarities and differences and the overall…. Armpit lumps are usually harmless and caused by a swollen lymph node or gland. However, some armpit lumps can indicate a more serious condition, such….
Chemotherapy can be an effective way of treating cancer. However, while it destroys cancer cells, it can also have adverse effects. Learn how doctors…. Hodgkin lymphomas have different therapy options than Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: This type comprises of all other lymphomas that are not Hodgkin lymphomas, and is the most common type.
There are multiple subsets of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma which include:. Some identified risk factors include infections that weaken the immune system such as HIV infection, an inherited disorder, or medications used in transplant patients to prevent rejection.
Most patients do not have an identified risk factor. Exposure to certain chemicals and history of high radiation exposure may also increase the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We're fortunate at the University of Michigan to work with a team of pathologists with expertise in lymphoma diagnosis and classification. At times, subtle changes in lymphoma classification following expert pathology review do not influence treatment decisions.
However, many times, they do. Recognizing that treatment decisions are dependent upon an accurate diagnosis, we routinely ensure that your biopsy material is retrieved and reviewed by a University of Michigan pathologist with expertise in this area. For this reason, you may notice that your first visit is a few weeks away. If a biopsy has not yet been obtained, then we may recommend that your physicians arrange an appropriate biopsy prior to your initial visit.
On your initial clinic visit, you may have already undergone tests to diagnose your lymphoma, or you may need additional studies to confirm a diagnosis or complete staging.
Common ways lymphoma may be diagnosed are: Lymph Node Biopsy: Part or all of a swollen lymph node will be removed and then analyzed to determine if it is cancerous.
Bone Marrow Biopsy: A small sample of bone marrow will be taken and analyzed to see if cancer is present. Other Biopsy: Another tissue sample may be removed from the body if see if cancerous cells are present. There are many different ways doctors may treat your lymphoma. Lymph nodes are bean-sized collections of lymphocytes. About of these nodes cluster throughout the lymphatic system, for example, near the knee, groin, neck and armpits.
The nodes are connected by a network of lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes lymph glands , spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. Lymphoma can affect all those areas as well as other organs throughout the body. What lymphoma treatment is best for you depends on your lymphoma type and its severity. Lymphoma treatment may involve chemotherapy, immunotherapy medications, radiation therapy, a bone marrow transplant or some combination of these.
One of the most common places to find swollen lymph nodes is in the neck. The inset shows three swollen lymph nodes below the lower jaw. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Subscribe for free and receive an in-depth guide to coping with cancer, plus helpful advice on how to get a second opinion.
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